Orthodontics

What is orthodontics?

Science which deals with straightening of teeth is known as Orthodontics.

What are braces?

Braces are metal wires as shown in figure which are used for straightening.

How Braces work?

Misaligned teeth affect the personality of a person. Patient with misaligned teeth does not able to speak properly and always feel conscious even while smiling. Then comes the role of Orthodontics, in which braces are used which exerts gentle pressure on teeth and slowly makes them straight. Braces consist of:

• Brackets: Brackets are bonded to teeth to which metal wire is fixed. Nowadays, ceramic brackets are available which are invisible and are widely used for aesthetic point of view.

• Bonding: Bonding of brackets with tooth is done by composite resin and then cured.

• Arch wire: Arch wire is placed in between the brackets and is held tightly with elastics. Loose arch wire can alter the results.

Above all components exert equal pressure on teeth which slowly moves the teeth and makes them aligned. Teeth are surrounded by gum tissue or gingiva.Under the gum tissue, the Periodontal Membrane or Periodontal Ligament (PDL) encases the bottom portion of the tooth. Next to that lies Alveolar Bone.

When braces put pressure on your teeth, the periodontal membrane stretches on one side and is compressed on the other. The modification of the periodontal blood supply determines a biological response which leads to bone remodeling, where bone is created on one side by osteoblast cells and resorbed on the other side by osteoclasts. This loosens the tooth. The bone then grows in to support the tooth in its new position. 

Why retainers are worn after braces are removed?

Retainers are mandatory to prevent relapse. To avoid the teeth moving to their original position retainers are worn. Time period is decided by the Dentist after considering the post treatment results.